Author: hathor

Homo Naledi :)

Homo naledi, a new species of human, discovered in a cave in South Africa

Scientists find fossils of our ancient relative, who had surprisingly human-like features, in a remote cave near Johannesburg

Early humans buried their dead in caves, scientists have found, after discovering a new species hidden in a burial chamber.

At least 15 skeletons of the species – named Homo Naledi – were found hidden deep in a cave dubbed the ‘Star Chamber’ in which is thought to be the earliest form of ritual burial ever discovered.

The early humans stood just five foot tall and weighed 100 pounds. Their hips were similar to our earliest ancestor, the hominid Lucy, but their shoulders were well designed for climbing but legs and feet were human like. Their skulls are like early humans, but their brains are tiny, just the size of an orange.

Scientists find fossils of our ancient relative, who had surprisingly human-like features, in a remote cave near Johannesburg A reconstruction of Homo naledi’s face by paleoartist John Gurche  Photo: NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC

Before the discovery scientists believed that only Homo sapiens had enough compassion and self awareness to bury the dead.

Lee Berger, research professor at the University of Witwatersand said: ” It was a species that we never suspected of complex behaviour. We thought of them as little more than animals. We have eliminated that this was a mass death. We have eliminated the possibility of catastrophe.

“These individuals came in one at a time over a long period. They were not taken there by carnivores.

“We are also left with the idea that they did not live there. There is no archaeology. That has led us to the rather remarkable conclusions that we have just met a new species of human relative that deliberatley disposed of its dead inside of the chamber in cradle of mankind.

The hand of Homo Naledi  Photo: AFP

“Until this discovery we thought that ritualised behaviours directed towards the dead, things like burial, was totally unique to home sapiens. It perhaps in fact identified us. It may have been our singularly unique thing.

“We saw ourselves as different. We have now seen a species with the same capacity and that is an extraordinary thing.

The new species was found in a remote cave 50 kilometers northwest of Johannesburg, South Africa.

The 1,550 fossil elements excavated from the cave are believed to be parts of at least 15 infants, children, adults and elderly of the same species – and are just a small fraction of the fossils discovered.

Scientists find fossils of our ancient relative, who had surprisingly human-like features, in a remote cave near Johannesburg A composite skeleton of Homo naledi   Photo: NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC

Announced by the University of the Witwatersrand, the National Geographic Society and the South African Department of Science and Technology, the discovery sheds light on the origins and diversity of human ancestry.

The initial discovery was made in 2013 in a cave known as ‘Rising Star’ located in the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site.

Scientists find fossils of our ancient relative, who had surprisingly human-like features, in a remote cave near Johannesburg Professor Lee Berger is photographed inside the Rising Star cave in the Cradle of Humankind in South Africa  Photo: Greatstock / Barcroft Media

The fossil material was recovered during two expeditions in November 2013 and March 2014, named the ‘Rising Star Expeditions’.

The fossils lay in a chamber about 90 meters from the cave entrance, accessible only through a chute just 18-centimetres wide.

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In the first expedition, over a period of 21 days, more than 60 cavers and scientists worked together to remove the fossils from the chamber.

The task required a special team of slender cavers dubbed ‘underground astronauts’ to remove the material.

Scientists find fossils of our ancient relative, who had surprisingly human-like features, in a remote cave near Johannesburg Mandible occlusal of Homo naledi are pictured in the Wits bone vault   Photo: University Of The Witwatersrand

Marina Elliott, one of the excavating scientists, described the process as “some of the most difficult and dangerous conditions ever encountered in the search for human origins”.

Elliott was one of six women selected after a global search for experienced cavers who could fit through the tiny cave opening.

The fossils were analysed in May 2014 with over 50 scientists and researchers studying the treasure trove of fossils.

Scientists find fossils of our ancient relative, who had surprisingly human-like features, in a remote cave near Johannesburg Professor Lee Berger holds up a cast of the Homo Naledi  Photo: Greatstock / Barcroft Media

John Hawks of the University of Wisconsin-Madison, said: “Overall, Homo naledi looks like one of the most primitive members of our genus, but it also has some surprisingly human-like features, enough to warrant placing it in the genus Homo.

“H. naledi had a tiny brain, about the size of an average orange, perched atop a very slender body.”

Scientists find fossils of our ancient relative, who had surprisingly human-like features, in a remote cave near Johannesburg A cast of the skull of Homo Naledi  Photo: Greatstock / Barcroft Media

H. naledi’s teeth are described as similar to those of the earliest-known human relatives, as are most features of the skull but the shoulders are more similar to those of apes.

Dr Tracy Kivell of the University of Kent, in the UK, said: “The hands suggest tool-using capabilities.

“What’s important for people to understand is that the remains were found practically alone in this remote chamber in the absence of any other major fossil animals.”
Dr Paul Dirks

“Surprisingly, H. naledi has extremely curved fingers, more curved than almost any other species of early hominin, which clearly demonstrates climbing capabilities.”

Dr William Harcourt-Smith of Lehman College, City University of New York, and the American Museum of Natural History, who led the study of H. naledi’s feet described them as “virtually indistinguishable from those of modern humans.”

“The feet, combined with its long legs, suggest that the species was well-suited for long-distance walking,” he said.

Scientists find fossils of our ancient relative, who had surprisingly human-like features, in a remote cave near Johannesburg Mandible occlusal of Homo naledi  Photo: University Of The Witwatersrand

Professor Berger added: “The combination of anatomical features in H. naledi distinguishes it from any previously known species.”

A 3D printed skull of a new human ancestor, Homo Naled  Photo: Greatstock / Barcroft Media

The researchers believe the most remarkable aspect of the find is that the primitive-looking discovery may have practiced a form of behaviour thought to be unique to humans – depositing bodies of its dead in a remote cave chamber.

Members of the expedition team inside the Rising Star team in the Cradle of Humankind  Photo: Greatstock / Barcroft Media

Dr Paul Dirks of James Cook University in Queensland, Australia, said: “That room has always been isolated from other chambers and never been open directly to the surface.

“What’s important for people to understand is that the remains were found practically alone in this remote chamber in the absence of any other major fossil animals.”

Despite the dramatic revelation researchers claim a lot remains to be discovered from the cave.

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Professor Berger said: “This chamber has not given up all of its secrets.

“There are potentially hundreds if not thousands of remains of H. naledi still down there.”

Source: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/11855405/Homo-naledi-a-new-species-of-human-discovered-in-a-cave-in-South-Africa.html

Obicaji

I tako sam po prvi put avionom iz Zagreba do Sarajeva letila, jer sam dosla na dzenazu…skontala sam u tom svemu koliko se razlikuju kulture i zainteresovali su me ti nasi obicaji…

Koga god da pitam svak ima nesto svoje reci kao svoju verziju pravila i kako to sve ide kad je dzenaza…a mene skroz zbune jer ja nakraju ne znam uopste ni gdje bih ni sta treba 🙂

Prvo cujem da je ruzno a i da zene ne idu gore na Vlakovo gdje je dzenaza nego da ostanu kod kuce i pomazu a da kod kuce uce bule dok muskarci klanjaju dzenazu.

I hajd meni naravno cudno jer u Krajini idu i zene na dzenazu (uglavnom na tim sto sam ja bila) a i u Svedskoj ali kontam se hajd poslusat cu iako je tu moj feministicki duh vec proradio, kontam se ma sta su to muskarci toliko vrijedniji pa da oni idu a da zene budu kod kuce….al hajd 🙂 i tako ja prihvatim da ostanem kod kuce “s zenama”…bila sam “kod kuce” sigurno par minuta dok me nisu poveli s sobom.
Kao sta ces ti tu, ti ides s nama na Vlakovo, i ja sva zbunjena jer kontam ipak dijeluje kao red da ostanem u kuci, ali su odlucni bili a i imala sam kameru tako da sam ipak s muskarcima do gore otisla. Malo zbunjena ne znam koga da poslusam, ali posto su svi insistirali da idem gore onda se ipak osjecalo ispravno…

Ponesem s sobom maramu, kazu red je da je zensko zavijeno kad se klanja dzenaza, dodem gore kad nijedna zena sto je na Vlakovu nema samije…I onda mi tek nista nije jasno…reko hajd ako one nemaju necu ni ja stavljati…

I da skratim post, skontala sam da kad si rodjen u Svedskoj i gore odraso da ima dosta toga s kojim se ne susreces cesto. Ja sam zadnjih 7 godina bila na jednoj dzenazi i jednoj sahrani. Na toj dzenazi su kako se ja sjecam i zene klanjale, i nisu bile sve zavijene. Ostalo je sve bilo po protokolu.

Uglavnom vratimo se mi s Vlakova i sad sjede gosti i jedna zena pripremila kafu (kontam se huh koja sreca pa nisam ja trebala… ja nit pijem kafu a nit je pravim, i uvijek se sjetim rahmetli Nenada kad sam mu napravila kafu i jos kontam se bil jos dodala kafe jer mi je nekako rijetka djelovala, a on je komentarisao sta ti to nas zelis da ubijes….hahaha jer ocigledno je bila prejaka kafa….a ja se smijala jer se kontam, zamisli jos da sam dodala toliko koliko sam mislila ispocetka)…i sjednemo mi taman se ja dignem da slikam kad ta zena sto je napravila kafu mene zamoli da ja svima u fildzane uspem kafu…jer ima reumu plus sto sam ja mladja i ja cu to bolje 😉

Posto sam dan prije s tetkom svojom koja je tu sjedila pored mene razgovarala bas o tim obicajima i kako zivot koji ja zivim se dosta razlikuje od toga 🙂 pogledala sam tetku i onda sam komentarisala, e ovo je to o cemu sam ja pricala. Reko mene trema za ovakve stvar uhvati hehe…Ovo su stvar koje sam ja radila kad sam bila “mala” i dok sam jos uvijek s svojima zivjela, a koje ja sama ne praktikujem jedno 16 godina :))

I tako ta zena mene “instruise” a ja slusam i pomalo zabavno jer su mi naumpali sto nekih misli iz djetinstva …i opet mi je moj feministicki duh proradio…jer sjetim se kad su gosti dolazili da sam ja pravila kafu i nosila gostima, servirala etc. A to je bila ta “priprema” za odrasli zivot “zena”….i negdje se to promijenulo, negdje ne znam tacno kad i gdje….moguce je da je to doslo s zivotnim stilom …a ja mislim da je to i neki revolt bio…a i okruzenje u kojem ja zivim…

I sta sam zakljucila nakon svega je da ima dosta simpaticnih obicaja :)…Ovdje u Bosni su jako zasticene zene u nekim stvarima…nekad im zavidim, jer razmisljam  kako moraju rahat biti kad ovise o covjeku i ne moraju toliko sami sta raditi da postignu sta… dosta im je servirano 🙂 (naravno ne vrijedi za sve zene)…

A s druge strane lijep i neprocjenljiv je taj osjecaj imati svoj kruh i tu moc raditi raspolagati sam s svojim steknutim 🙂 ja da nisam osjetila sta znaci zaraditi nikad ne bih bila ta koja sam danas…sad bilo to lose ili dobro…:)

4. How to double your investment

Sve nesto razmisljam…nisam dugo pisala o tome sto radim najbolje. Mislim da se kod svih ljudi primarno svakodnevnica vrti oko toga kako okrenuti koju paru po zelji kako stvoriti jos vise? Svi smo mi svjesni da se bez para ne moze, tako da ko god kaze da nije istina da se svakodnevnica ne radi o parama….vara sam sebe 🙂

Imala sam neku ludu ideju da pisem o tome kako zaraditi i ustediti 1 milion SEK = 100 000 EURA. Ali ne znam koliko to ljude zanima…mozda je zanimljive da pricam sta sam na kafi koju ne pijem cula 😉

Sad se nikad ne zna koliko ko ima startnog kapitala. Al vjerujem da vecina ljudi imaju nesto sto mogu prodati. Tako da ako nemas da prodas onda stvori nacin kako da dodes do te prve ustedjevine 🙂

Ja se inace bavim pomalo s svacim. O dionicama sam pisala prije par mjeseci, pa da nastavim ako nista s primjerima stednje…tj koje sam poteze ja uradila u sta sam ulozila sto se tice berze…

2015-01-21 sam ulozila 3500 SEK tj 350 EURA u dionice Mycronic
Uspjela sam kupiti 116 komada.

2015-05-11 je dividenda bila 4 SEK po dionici tako da sam odjednom imala 464 SEK vise vrijednosti.

2015-05-15 sam prebacila jos 1200 SEK ustedjevinje sto sam imala to znaci ukupni ulog dosad (3500+1200=4700SEK). Kupila sam Precise biometrics dionice 872 komada po dionici i tad su bile 1,90SEK po dionici.

Screenshot_1

Stanje 2015-08-01

Mycronic 116 0,46 54,50 31/07 29,98 6 322 81,80 2 845
Precise Biometrics 872 12,25 4,58 31/07 1,90 3 994 140,49 2 333
Inköp Markn.värde Avkastn. % Avkastn.
5 138 10 316 100,77 5 178

 

Stanje na racunu je 10316 SEK koje znaci da sam od 4700 SEK uspjela stvoriti jos 5616 SEK. Ulog je bio oko par minuta sto mi je trajalo da prebacim pare na racun se moze reci…;)

To bi bio prvi korak kako doci do prvog miliona. 🙂

Zelim vam ugodan weekend 🙂

Evo jos par linkova sto sam pisala o investicijama…

3. How to double your investment

2. How to double your investment

1. How to double your investment